
Gantt chart providing overall session plans
Commercial Pop Track
Members & Roles:
Alican – Engineer, Guitarist, Songwriter
Yuheng – Engineer, Songwriter
Sophie – Engineer, Songwriter
Charlie – Engineer, Songwriter, Backing Vocalist
Ben – Songwriter, Vocalist
Reference Tracks:
Blinding Lights (The Weeknd, 2020) – general structure
Out Of Time (The Weeknd, 2022) – synth sound
Drag Me Down (One Direction, 2015) – lyric style
Stay (The Kid LAROI, 2021) – vocal harmonies
12 to 12 (sombr, 202 – vocal style
Main Sessions:
Synth + Main Structure Writing Session (Alican, Ben, Charlie) – Room 109, 2/3/26
Drum Writing Session – Room 104
SSL Mixing + Guitar Session – Room 115, 17/3/26
Extra Writing + Synth Session (Alican, Ben, Sophie) – Room 420, 23/3/26
Vocal Recording Session (Ben + Charlie) – Ben’s Home
Lyric Writing Session (Ben + Charlie) – 15/4/26
Synth + Main Structure Session
• Decided on structure to be similar to ‘Blinding Lights’, aimed to implement layers of synths inspired also by ‘Out Of Time’, pads, ‘howl bass’, fast-paced BPM (160-180) digital 80s style drum triggers, catchy hook, frequent repetition
• Utilised Drum Stems via Stem Splitting on Logic to aid with writing and obtaining similar sonics via Logic Synth plugins
• I wrote a percussive bass element to add variation and groove
• Transposed the key to keep original
• Simple 4 chord progression fitting of current Pop structure
• All plugins were digital to allow flexibility
Drum Writing Session
• Utilised our tutor’s authentic LinnDrum samples instead + Logic samples
• Layered multiple snares to find different characteristics (punch, sizzle, sustain) for our snare sound
• Four on the Floor rhythm
• Multiple kicks layered for thump
•Low-passed Hi-Hats and Claps for Risers into Hook
• Added Gated Reverb to Snare in line with 80s Synth-wave similarities in The Weeknd songs

SSL + Guitar Mixing Session
• I played guitar sections for percussive enhancement on the song
• Mixed the bass with SSL console and 1176 Compressor
• Dry room, utilised amp reverb in recording
Equipment:
• 1x SM57
• 1x AKG 414 Condenser
• 1x Fender Stratocaster
• 1x Fender Hot Rod DeVille Amplifier
• 1x Warm Audio 1176 Compressor
• Despite time spent doing so, we decided to remove the guitars out of the final mix as they did not fit as well as we intended
Extra Writing + Synth Session (Booked by Me)
• Charlie was unable to make this session
• Used to extend the song further and add variations to sections preventing repetition
• Added volume automation to keep dynamic
• Arpeggios for rhythm elements
• Used Yuheng’s synth plugins





Vocals + Lyric Writing Session
• All vocals recorded at Ben’s Home with Charlie as he felt more comfortable, allowing for a better performance
• Rode NT1A Mic
• Untreated room, had some reverberations in the recording
• Writing style inspired by Sombr and Kid Laroi
• Slight Headphone bleed but not detrimental
• Added Harmonies for ambience and Bridge Section build-up
• Charlie Backing Vocals for support on Chorus
• Yuheng added extra risers and effects in-between sessions
Personal Mixing:
• Scooped mids
• Sidechain Kick to entire Track for enhanced groove
• Highly Compressed Vocals
• Bright ambience
•Side-chained Delays and Reverbs to Vocals to make space
• Tape on Master for warmth + high saturation
• Parallel Compressed Drums for added thickness
• Panned Synths and Harmonies wide for bigger stereo image

Acoustic Track
Members & Roles:
Alican – Engineer, Demo Bassist
Yuheng – Engineer
Sophie – Engineer
Charlie – Engineer
Mollie – Vocalist, Songwriter, Guitarist
Evie – Pianist
Session Musicians – Double Bass, Drums,
Reference Track:
ceilings (Lizzy McAlpine, 2022)
Main Sessions (All Room 109):
Guitar Recording – 3/2/2026
Pre-Mix Session + Bass Demo – 10/2/26
Drums + Bass Recording – 17/2/26
Re-record Vocals – 14/4/26
Piano Session – 30/4/26
Vocals + Original Guitar Recording:
Equipment:
• 1x SM7b (vocals)
• 1x DI Box (guitar)
• 2x C414 mics (guitar)
• 1x Taylor Acoustic Guitar
• Originally had Mollie (Charlie’s friend he brought in) play both guitar and vocals at once, however too much proximity effect from vocals so only did guitar
• Drum Groove on Logic via her band performance video for realistic timing
• Placed in isolation booth for maximum flexibility
• Would re-record vocals at a later date with a more suitable mic (251/U87)
Pre-Mix Session 1 + Bass Demo
Equipment:
• 1x Fender Jazz Bass
• Added Stereo Delay + Plate to Guitar for enhancement
• Made marks and notes for Double Bass and Drums (intro sections, pauses etc)
• I recorded a Bass demo for the session musician to visualise the part
•Spent time planning on miking Drums and Bass (capture DI, condenser mic on Bass)
Drums + Double Bass Recording Session
Double Bass Equipment:
• 1x Delta 2
• 1x KM183
• Delta picked up attack, I attached a KM183 to the bridge via rubber band to pick up lows. The KM183 worked over a 184 because it was omnidirectional and picked up all the resonances of the instrument

Drums Equipment:
• 2x C414s (Overheads)
• 2x MD421s (Toms)
• 2x SM57s (Snare Top, Bottom)
• 1x AE2500 (Kick Out)
• 1x AKG D112 (Kick In)





• Wrote out a sheet for song structure and lyrics for the players to follow, minimising recording time
• Punched in certain parts for a more even performance
• Bassist in isolation booth to reduce excess rumble from drum shells and piano strings


Vocal Session

Equipment:
• 1x Warm Audio 251
• 1x Warm Audio U87
• 1x Gravity Pop Filter
• Mics had more clarity with less ‘boxiness’ than SM7b
• Recorded at same time close to each other for minimal phasing
• Overdubbing with harmony ideas + rerecording inconsistencies
• Double Tracked for Chorus texture
• Experimented with whispering and triple harmonies
Piano Session
Equipment:
• 1x Boston Grand Piano
• 2x C414s
• 1x KM184 (talkback)
• Conversed about how to mic the piano, researched multiple sources, including Sound On Sound (Robjohns, 1999) and The Recording Engineer’s Handbook (Owsinski, 2023)
• Settled on a Stereo Pair configuration, one on low strings + one on high strings, would then pan them wide left and right
• Dampened Snare resonance from previous Drum Kit with a cloth, reducing bleed
• Handed out chord sheet, corrected one chord in the Bridge to E Major
• Kept talkback mic in for mono balance


Mixing:
• Recording in the same room proved beneficial for ensuring instruments sounded in the same space
• Plate to Vocals + Guitar to add brilliance
• Less tuning than Pop track due to difference in style
• One ‘glue’ reverb to contextualise sound as learned from The Mixing Engineers Handbook (Owsinski, 2022)
• Harmonies panned differently for separation + width
• Bass + Drums Parallel Compression to tighten low-end
• Minimal dynamic processing as song is a more open structure
Location Recording
Members & Roles:
Alican – Engineer
Yuheng – Engineer
Sophie – Engineer
Charlie – Engineer, Bassist, Backing Vocalist
Ben – Songwriter, Rhythm Guitarist, Vocalist
Ollie – Lead Guitarist
Equipment:
• Location Rig + MacBook Laptop
• 3x AKG 414 XLS (Stereo Pair for Room + Acoustic Guitar)
• 2x SM57s (Guitar Amp, Bass Guitar Amp)
• 1x RE20 (Vocals)
• 1x Sennheiser MD441 (Backing Vocals)
• 1x Active DI Box (Bass DI)
• 1x Fender Hot Rod Amp
• 1x Fender Rumble Amp
• 5x Mic Stands
• 2x Short Mic Stands
• 9x XLR Cables
• 3x Jack Leads
Room + Booking:
We decided unanimously that recording Charlie’s band (Cab Driver) to do an acoustic version of a song would sound good in The Venue Bar. Charlie would book this out as he knew when they would be free. We were originally also going to have a Cajon for percussion but the Drummer was not available.
• Seeing the room, we thought acoustics would be great but bass might need control. Goal was to capture as much room as possible
• Did research on Stereo miking (Practical Recording Techniques, 1992) and decided on a Stereo Pair configuration for enhanced spread + immersion, positioned equidistant from each other to ensemble to reduce phasing + same height

• Positioned players according to stereo image (vocals centered, guitar and bass panned left and right as more room in stereo field)
• Utilised furniture to help focus sound of electric guitar
• Utilised curtains as dampeners and to block too many reflections from glass
• Decided on a lot of DI for Bass as it would be a cleaner recording
• Purposely sat outside when they recorded as I wanted to ensure no distractions or unnecessary noise picked up
• RE20 had great isolation for vocals
• After the recording, we would patch the vocals into a compressor and also add a Lexicon 224 reverb to help glue sounds together more + add more brilliance






Mixing:
• Very dynamic, needed to level out
• Bass was too spread so had to utilise imaging and Mid/Side EQ to narrow it down
• Resonant a lot in 500hz
• Inconsistent low-end, needed control from Compression
• Had to be very careful about phasing issues and to phase check everything
• No further reverb or modulation/pitch manipulation as I wanted to keep the recording feeling natural
Bibliography
- Robjohns, H. (1999) Recording Real Pianos. Sound On Sound.
- The Weeknd (2020) Blinding Lights. After Hours [Streamed]. UMG Recordings, Inc. https://open.spotify.com/track/0VjIjW4GlUZAMYd2vXMi3b?si=2d9bac1a48d7485f
- The Weeknd (2022) Out Of Time. Dawn FM [Streamed]. UMG Recordings, Inc. https://open.spotify.com/track/2SLwbpExuoBDZBpjfefCtV?si=c663a652dc8d4e46
- One Direction (2015) Drag Me Down. Made In The A.M. (Deluxe Edition) [Streamed]. Sony Music Entertainment UK Limited. https://open.spotify.com/track/2K87XMYnUMqLcX3zvtAF4G?si=f7f328baca3849b4
- The Kid LAROI, Bieber. J (2021) Stay. Fck Love 3: Over You* [Streamed]. Sony Music Entertainment. https://open.spotify.com/track/567e29TDzLwZwfDuEpGTwo?si=7536e90ee72a49b1
- sombr (2025) 12 to 12. I Barely Know Her [Streamed]. Warner Records Inc. https://open.spotify.com/track/05od2qm2MTSKCHxy1GBp5W?si=d40f76e1f4864db0
- Owsinski, B. (2023) The Recording Engineer’s Handbook, 5th edition. Bobby Owsinski Media Group
- Owsinski, B. (2022) The Mixing Engineer’s Handbook, 5th edition. Bobby Owsinski Media Group
- Barlett, B &. Barlett, J. (2016) Practical Recording Techniques: The Step-by-Step Approach to Professional Audio Recording, 7th edition. Routledge
- Lizzy McAlpine (2022) ceilings. five seconds flat [Streamed]. AWAL Recordings America Inc. https://open.spotify.com/artist/1GmsPCcpKgF9OhlNXjOsbS?si=1d8383b7f57a4912